Running Spatiotemporal Parameters are Associated with Standing Long Jump Distance and BMI in Children aged 3-10 Years

Abstract

Background: Evidence shows that standing long jump (SLJ) distance is related to running velocity in children aged 4-5. However, this hypothesis still requires further investigation and should be tested in a wider age range of the child population. Moreover, increased body mass index (BMI) may affect spatiotemporal parameters, and its impact seems to change with age and different activities such as running, requiring further study.

Aim: We aimed to investigate the associations between running velocity and the SLJ distance in children aged 3-10 years. We also described sex-specific normative values for SLJ. Further, the association between BMI and running and walking spatiotemporal parameters was presented.

Method: This study included 182 children aged 3–10 years. SLJ was measured through standard procedures. We assessed running through the absolute and normalized velocities, cadence, step length, cycle time, and duration of the swing and stance phases using the GAITRite walkway. Participants completed three valid trials for each condition: fast running, self-selected running, and self-selected walking.

Results: The SLJ distance was associated with higher running velocity. Performances on the SLJ test were better for older and male children. Higher BMI led to a reduction of the swing phase, cadence, and velocities.

Interpretation: We suppose that leg muscle power, growth, and motor development enhance running velocity and SLJ distance. Sex differences in the SLJ test were linked to the maturational and morphological characteristics of boys and girls. The effect of a higher BMI on spatiotemporal parameters may be more relevant during running than walking.