Brazilian Journal of Motor Behavior https://socibracom.com/bjmb/index.php/bjmb <p><strong>The Brazilian Journal of Motor Behavior (BJMB) is a publication of the Brazilian Society of Motor Behavior (<em>Sociedade Brasileira de Comportamento Motor - SOCIBRACOM</em>) since 2006. BJMB is </strong><span lang="PT-BR"><strong>a free-of-charge, annual, continuous publication, peer-reviewed, and open-access journal. </strong>It is an arbitrated journal that uses an external review system by peers who have knowledge of the objects investigated and the methodologies used in the research.</span></p> <p><span lang="PT-BR"><strong>The BJMB accepts original contributions pertaining to the multidisciplinary study of human movement throughout the lifespan, involving a broad range of topics related to the field of Motor Behavior like motor control, development and learning, movement disorders, clinical, theoretical and model studies.</strong> These articles could come from diverse disciplines such as kinesiology, biomechanics, neurophysiology, neuroscience, psychology, medicine, sports performance, and rehabilitation. </span></p> <p><span lang="PT-BR">The BJMB [ISSN: 2446-4902 (online version); 1980-5586 (print version)] is published using the Open Journal System (OJS) technology to improve the speed, efficiency, quality, fairness, and impact of scientific publishing. The submitted manuscript must be original, unpublished, and not be under consideration by any other journal for publication. </span>The authors are the only party responsible for assertions made in their articles. </p> <p><strong><span lang="PT-BR">BJMB only publishes manuscripts in English.</span></strong></p> <p><strong>There is NO charge or fee to publish in the BJMB. </strong>Also, all articles published in the BJMB are open access freely available online, immediately upon publication.</p> <p><strong><span class="TextRun SCXW74348295" lang="EN-US">The first </span><span class="TextRun SCXW74348295" lang="EN-US">review of the paper will be taken in a maximum of 60 days after submission.</span></strong></p> <p> </p> <p><em>E-mail: braz.j.motor.behavior@gmail.com </em></p> <p>Brazilian Society of Motor Behavior</p> <p><a href="https://www.socibracom.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">www.socibracom.com</a></p> Brazilian Society of Motor Behavior - SOCIBRACOM en-US Brazilian Journal of Motor Behavior 1980-5586 <p>Authors must declare that the work submitted is their own and that copyright has not been breached in seeking its publication. If the manuscript includes work previously published elsewhere, it is the author(s) responsibility to obtain permission to use it and to indicate that such permission has been granted.&nbsp;</p> <p>Authors retain the copyright of their paper and grant the Brazilian Journal of Motor Behavior (BJMB) the right to first publish the work under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives license (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/">CC BY-NC-ND</a>). This license allows users to share the paper given the appropriate credit to the author and source and does not allow commercial uses and derivative materials to be produced.</p> Effect of self-controlled feedback on the learning of dive roll in children and adults https://socibracom.com/bjmb/index.php/bjmb/article/view/422 <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Self-controlled feedback has been identified as an efficient strategy for teaching motor skills, however, different results have been shown in adults and children. Researchers point out that the different characteristics in the information processing of these populations can explain these discrepancies.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>AIM: </strong>The objective was to investigate the effects of providing Self-controlled Knowledge of Performance (SKP) on learning the Dive Roll, a specific Artistic Gymnastic skill, in children and adults.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>METHOD:</strong> A total of 24 children participated, divided into two groups: a group which received SKP (GSC) (n=12) and a group with yoked Knowledge of Performance (KP) (GYC) (n=12). In addition, 20 adults participated, divided into 2 groups: a group which received SKP (GSA) (n=10) and a group with yoked KP (GYA) (n=10). Descriptive analyses were performed and the permutation test was applied to compare groups and evaluation times (pre-test, post-test, and retention).</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>RESULTS:</strong> The results indicated significant improvements for the adult groups (self-control and yoked). The groups of children did not show improvements in performance over the evaluation times, but there was a difference between the groups in retention, with the GSC performing better compared to the GYC.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> It is concluded that self-controlled feedback has different effects between children and adults.</p> Rafaela Z. F. Costa Josiane Medina-Papst Inara Marques Flavio H. Bastos Copyright (c) 2024 Rafaela Z. F. Costa, Josiane Medina-Papst, Inara Marques, Flavio H. Bastos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2024-10-31 2024-10-31 18 10.20338/bjmb.v18i1.422 Inter-joint coordination changes during walking in typically developing children: the vector coding analysis https://socibracom.com/bjmb/index.php/bjmb/article/view/417 <p>Background: Despite the well-known relationship between gait and brain function in development, there is much to be unveiled. Aim: We have evaluated the complexity of gait in children from 5 to 10 years. Method: 11 boys and 17 girls were divided into three groups according to their ages. The right lower limb kinematics was analyzed during walking. CV was applied to verify the complexity of movement and vector coding evaluated the coordination modes. Results and Interpretation: The mid-stance phase showed to be the most sensitive phase to detect differences in variability and complexity among different ages. Motor development seems to move towards an optimal and complex solution for walking because older children can control more than one joint at the same time.</p> Luis Mochizuki Juliana Pennone Daniel R. M. J. Ferreira Jaqueline F. P. Neiva Eliane F. Manfio Copyright (c) 2024 Luis Mochizuki, Juliana Pennone, Daniel R. M. J. Ferreira, Jaqueline F. P. Neiva, Eliane F. Manfio https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2024-09-06 2024-09-06 18 10.20338/bjmb.v18i1.417 Muscle activity increased after co-contraction resistance training, but it was unrelated to the rating of perceived exertion in older adults https://socibracom.com/bjmb/index.php/bjmb/article/view/405 <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Evaluating exercise intensity is crucial for designing effective training programs and monitoring progress. The Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale, a subjective measure of effort, is commonly used for estimating exercise intensity. However, its applicability in specific conditions and populations, particularly in co-contraction training and older individuals, warrants further investigation.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>AIM: </strong>Our main aim was to analyze the correlation between RPE and electromyographic (EMG) activity in co-contraction and conventional resistance training. We also compared muscle activity and RPE across training methods.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>METHOD:</strong> Twenty-three older adults were allocated and divided into conventional resistance training (CRT) and co-contraction training (CCT). EMG activity and RPE were recorded for knee extension and flexion movement and knee co-contraction during training sets and correlated before and after eight weeks of training.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>RESULTS:</strong> The results indicated no significant correlation between EMG activity and RPE for either training method. Additionally, EMG analysis showed higher EMG activity in the CRT than in the CCT. On the other hand, CCT demonstrated an increase in EMG activity after eight weeks of training.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> In conclusion, RPE did not correlate with EMG activity, highlighting the need for finding accessible tools to assess exercise intensity, particularly in older people, and alternative training methods, such as co-contraction training.</p> Marina M. Villalba Rafael A. Fujita Bruno L. S. Bedo Júlia O. Faria Renato Moraes Matheus M. Gomes Copyright (c) 2024 Marina Mello Villalba, Rafael Akira Fujita, Bruno Luiz de Souza Bedo, Júlia Oliveira de Faria, Renato Moraes, Matheus Machado Gomes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2024-07-21 2024-07-21 18 10.20338/bjmb.v18i1.405 There is no difference between two and five minutes of static stretching training and detraining on gastrocnemius medialis muscle thickness, pennation angle and fascicle length https://socibracom.com/bjmb/index.php/bjmb/article/view/427 <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Skeletal muscle’s architecture can undergo temporary or permanent adaptations when subjected to chronic passive loading, such as during passive static stretching (PSS).</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>AIM: </strong>We evaluated the effects of a 6-week PSS program, with two and five minutes of duration, on the architecture of the Gastrocnemius Medialis (GM) muscle. In addition, we determined the inter-analyzer reliability of the GM’s muscle architecture images analysis process.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>METHOD:</strong> 30 healthy adults participated in this study. Participants were divided into three groups: Control Group (CG), 2-minutes of PSS (G2) and 5-minutes of PSS (G5). Plantar flexors’ PSS was applied three times a week for 6 weeks. Participants were assessed before intervention, after intervention, and two weeks post detraining. GM’s muscle thickness (MT), pennation angle (PA) and fascicle length (FL) were measured with an ultrasound system by an experienced evaluator. All images were analyzed by two independent analyzers, using the Image-J software.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>RESULTS:</strong> No significant effects were identified (p&gt;0.05) of the PSS program on muscle architecture parameters. No architectural changes were observed following the detraining period. GM’s MT results presented excellent reliability, while good reliability was found for the FL measures. For PA, good reliability was only observed for the post-intervention moment. On the pre-intervention and follow-up moments, the intraclass correlation coefficients values were moderate.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> A 6-week PSS program did not generate adaptations on GM’s muscle architecture parameters in healthy subjects, independent of the stretching duration. Muscle architecture parameters are reliable when analyzed by different analyzers following clinical interventions.</p> William Friderichs Franceca C. Sonda Anelize Cini Gabriela Fraporti Marco A. Vaz Claudia S. Lima Copyright (c) 2024 William Friderichs, Franceca Chaida Sonda, Anelize Cini, Gabriela Fraporti, Marco Aurelio Vaz, Claudia Silveira Lima https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2024-07-21 2024-07-21 18 10.20338/bjmb.v18i1.427 Symmetric analysis in a wheelchair basketball player during an incremental intermittent test: a case study https://socibracom.com/bjmb/index.php/bjmb/article/view/383 <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Wheelchair basketball (WB) is a sport aimed at people with permanent disabilities in the lower limbs, with a functional classification system that allows the inclusion of various levels of injury from 1 to 4.5. Thus, it is natural that there is an increase in the search for greater sports performance which is related to physiological and kinematic analyses.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>AIM: </strong>The present study aimed to compare the symmetry of temporal kinematic variables in the different zones of effort intensity during an incremental intermittent field test.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>METHOD:</strong> The sample consisted of 1 male player aged (27 years), with spinal cord injury, with more than 5 years of gaming experience. The player performed the incremental field Yo-Yo Test - IR1 and the linear kinematics of the propulsive cycle was estimated.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>RESULTS:</strong> The results indicated that wheelchair propulsion is a symmetrical movement, although some asymmetries seem to be perceived qualitatively, but without a statistically significant difference.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> It was found that despite the injury to the right shoulder, there is symmetry in terms of wheelchair propulsion.</p> Karla de Jesus Lucas S. Nascimento Kelly de Jesus Copyright (c) 2024 Karla de Jesus, Lucas de Souza Nascimento, Kelly de Jesus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2024-04-27 2024-04-27 18 10.20338/bjmb.v18i1.383 Motor proficiency in young children with Prader-Willi syndrome: a preliminary report https://socibracom.com/bjmb/index.php/bjmb/article/view/373 <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Systematic documentation of motor characteristics in young children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is vital as access to treatments improves.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>AIM: </strong>To characterize motor proficiency (MP) in young children with PWS.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>METHOD:</strong> Participants included 6 children (3 male and 3 female) with PWS and 13 children with neurotypical development (NT), (9 male and 4 female) ages 4-6 years. Five out of six children with PWS had been on growth hormone replacement therapy (GHRT) for &gt;3 years. Some children with PWS exhibited cognitive delays and others performed within the average range (Intellectual quotient mean± standard deviation = 65.3 ± 7.62, range = 47 – 94). MP was measured using the Short Form of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-Second Edition (BOT-2-SF).</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Children with PWS scored lower than children with NT in all areas of MP except for fine motor integration. All children with PWS scored well-below average for total MP; children with NT scored average (n=10) or above-average (n=3) for total MP, respectively.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> At this young age children with PWS universally exhibited poor MP despite most of them being on GHRT and some exhibited intellectual functioning in the average range. Evidence of BOT-2-SF floor effects underscores the need to refine assessment procedures and enhance measurement precision for this population.</p> Daniela A. Rubin Adam M. Hyde Rachel M. Fenning Kathleen S. Wilson Debra J. Rose Copyright (c) 2023 Daniela A. Rubin, Ph.D., Adam M. Hyde, Rachel M Fenning, Ph.D. , Kathleen S. Wilson, Ph.D., Debra J. Rose, Ph.D. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2024-04-27 2024-04-27 18 10.20338/bjmb.v18i1.373 Influence of the trunk on postural control: implications for lower limb injuries https://socibracom.com/bjmb/index.php/bjmb/article/view/424 Diênifer Z. Rodrigues Isabela C. M. Valle Guilherme S. Nunes Copyright (c) 2024 Diênifer Rodrigues, Isabela Valle, Guilherme Nunes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2024-08-31 2024-08-31 18 10.20338/bjmb.v18i1.424 Brief History of the Uncontrolled Manifold Hypothesis and Its Role in Motor Control https://socibracom.com/bjmb/index.php/bjmb/article/view/433 <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> The apparent problem of motor redundancy was replaced by the principle of abundance and turned into a theoretical framework and associated toolbox for exploration of performance-stabilizing synergies.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>AIM and METHOD:</strong> We review briefly the development of the main methods within the UCM framework and some of the main findings, both basic and clinical. The UCM framework is naturally merged with the theory of hierarchical movement control with spatial referent coordinates.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>RESULTS:</strong> The UCM framework has established itself as a productive framework for the analysis of movement control, in particular as related to stability of salient performance variables. It led to the discovery of novel phenomena such as trade-offs within hierarchical systems, anticipatory synergy adjustments, synergies within systems of different complexity from single muscles to the whole body. It has also led to promising results offering sensitive biomarkers to various neurological disorders. Recent experiments suggest the existence of three main levels of organization of performance-stabilizing synergies tentatively associated with cortical, subcortical, and spinal circuitry.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> Currently, this approach is in its adulthood. Further progress may be expected in focusing on spaces of neural control variables, developing the method for analysis across species, and expanding the range and depth of clinical studies.</p> Mark L. Latash Copyright (c) 2024 Mark L. Latash https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2024-10-31 2024-10-31 18 10.20338/bjmb.v18i1.433 INFOGRAPHIC: Changes in locomotor performance and postural control in people with hemophilia https://socibracom.com/bjmb/index.php/bjmb/article/view/426 <p style="font-weight: 400;">Access infographic in <span style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://socibracom.com/bjmb/index.php/bjmb/article/view/426/version/460">https://socibracom.com/bjmb/index.php/bjmb/article/view/426/version/460</a></span></p> Francisco A. Tchonga Ryan M. Bernardes Natalia M. Rinaldi Copyright (c) 2024 Francisco A. Tchonga, Ryan M. Bernardes, Natalia M. Rinaldi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2024-07-21 2024-07-21 18 10.20338/bjmb.v18i1.426 Quantifying the weights of sensory influences on postural control across development https://socibracom.com/bjmb/index.php/bjmb/article/view/430 <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>BACKGROUND</strong>: This study examined the weighting of multisensory and anthropometric factors in driving children’s and adult’s postural control.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>METHOD</strong>: A data set was created by aggregating individual participants’ postural stability measures from four target studies, employing participants ranging in age from 3 to 11 years, along with young adults. Using a meta-regression approach, this aggregate data set was then predicted from dummy codings of the including visual, haptic, and proprioceptive sensory inputs manipulated in these studies, as well as the anthropometric factor of participant height. Two forms of coding regimens were examined – one capturing simple presence versus absence of sensory sources, and one quantifying the degree of stability provided by sensory sources.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>RESULTS</strong>: The results of this study revealed that proprioceptive input had the strongest impact on stability, followed by roughly equivalent visual and haptic inputs, and finally anthropometric factors. Developmentally, this pattern of findings was stable by 5- to 7-years of age. Although both coding schemes predicted posture, the degree of stability coding scheme provided consistently superior predictions.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>INTERPRETATION</strong>: These findings are discussed with respect to a multicomponential approach to postural control, a framework that emphasizes the importance of multiple component factors in characterizing complex behavior.</p> Mark A. Schmuckler Copyright (c) 2024 Mark A. Schmuckler https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2024-10-31 2024-10-31 18 10.20338/bjmb.v18i1.430 Visual field dependence, sensorimotor function and falls in community dwelling older people https://socibracom.com/bjmb/index.php/bjmb/article/view/429 <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong>Moving visual fields can have strong destabilising effects on balance, particularly when visually perceived motion does not correspond to postural movements. This study investigated relationships between visual field dependence and sensorimotor function and falls in older people.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>AIM:</strong>To determine whether sensorimotor function deficits are associated with visual field dependence (VFD), and whether VFD is a risk factor for falls and fall-related injuries in older community living people.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>METHOD:</strong>684 community-dwelling adults aged 75 years and older undertook a roll vection test (i.e. attempted to align a rod to the vertical while exposed to a rotating visual field). Participants also underwent a series of sensorimotor function tests and were followed up for falls for 12 months with monthly questionnaires.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>RESULTS:</strong>131 (24%) participants aligned the rod in the roll vection test &gt; 6.5⁰ from the vertical and were categorised as being VFD. More women than men were VFD and participants with VFD had reduced lower limb strength, increased sway in a test reliant on vestibular function (standing on a foam mat with eyes closed), and poorer dynamic stability. Participants with VFD also experienced significantly more falls and injurious falls in the follow-up period compared to participants without VFD when adjusting for age, sex and a composite physiological fall risk score.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong>VFD may be associated with reduced muscle strength and impaired vestibular function in older people. As VFD was identified as an independent risk factor for falls, incorporating strategies to address this condition may improve the efficacy of fall prevention interventions for older people.</p> Erika Pliner Natalie Hezel Stephen R. Lord Copyright (c) 2024 Erika Pliner, Natalie Hezel, Stephen R. Lord https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2024-08-31 2024-08-31 18 10.20338/bjmb.v18i1.429 Postural control performance of active and inactive older adults during manipulation of sensory information tests: a cross-sectional study https://socibracom.com/bjmb/index.php/bjmb/article/view/410 <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Inactivity during the aging process negatively influences postural control.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>AIM:</strong> The aim of the present study is to evaluate the postural balance of active and inactive elderly women in situations involving manipulation of sensory systems.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>METHOD:</strong> The study included 20 elderly women (10 active and 10 inactive) with a mean age of 63.45 ± 2.37 years, who underwent postural balance assessment using a force platform in the six conditions of the Sensory Organization Test. For comparison between groups, the Student's t-test and Mann-Witney test were used. Statistically significant differences were observed between the groups for the three balance variables analyzed: Center of pressure displacement in the anteroposterior direction (COPap), in the mediolateral direction (COPml) and average speed (COPvel).</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>RESULTS:</strong> In situations in which the somatosensory system was not disturbed, as Sensory Organization Test (TOS) I, II and III, it was observed that active elderly women presented smaller COPap and COPml than inactive, however, in tests in which the somatosensory system was disturbed, due to the addition of a cushion between the platform and the individual's feet (TOS IV, V and VI), this difference was not observed. Furthermore, active elderly present higher COP displacement average speed than inactive elderly in almost all sensory tests (TOS I, III IV, V and VI).</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> It can be concluded that active elderly presented reduced dependence of visual inputs and improved somatosensory afferences when compared to inactive elderly and that active elderly presented higher COP average displacement speed than inactive elderly.</p> Estele C. W. Meereis-Lemos Clarissa S. Teixeira Rafaela O. Machado Gabriel I. Pranke Luiz F. C. Lemos Carlos B. Mota Copyright (c) 2024 Estele Caroline Welter Meereis-Lemos, Clarissa Stefani Teixeira, Rafaela Oliveira Machado, Gabriel Ivan Pranke , Luiz Fernando Cuozzo Lemos, Carlos Bolli Mota https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2024-06-22 2024-06-22 18 10.20338/bjmb.v18i1.410 Additional visual information on postural control mechanisms in Parkinson's disease: a pilot study https://socibracom.com/bjmb/index.php/bjmb/article/view/372 <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have sensorimotor deficits that affect the mechanisms of postural control. Additional visual information effects on postural control mechanisms in PD were unknown.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>AIM:</strong> To examine the effects of visual information on postural control mechanisms in individuals with PD.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>METHOD:</strong> Seven individuals with PD and five healthy adults (controls) stood, as quiet as possible, on a force plate for 35 seconds with eyes open, eyes closed, or with additional visual feedback [VF] of the center of pressure (COP). The COP trajectories were calculated in anterior-posterior and mediolateral directions and then decomposed to assess two postural control mechanisms: Rambling (i.e., supraspinal) and Trembling (i.e., peripheral). The amplitude and velocity of COP and Rambling and Trembling components were compared between groups for each visual condition.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>RESULTS:</strong> The amplitude and velocity of COP and its components were greater in individuals with PD than controls. They increased under closed eyes condition for PD group, but only the Rambling velocity increased in anterior-posterior direction for controls. When additional VF of the COP was provided, individuals with PD presented increased COP and Trembling velocity in mediolateral direction, while healthy individuals presented reduced sway in both directions.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> Individuals with PD showed greater postural sway and were more affected without visual information than controls. They were not able to use the additional VF to reduce their postural sway as healthy individuals due to changes in sensory integration, causing possible overload in supraspinal processes and compensatory effects in the peripheral postural control mechanisms.</p> Lucas H. C. C. Santos Rafaela B. S. C. Garbus Camila M. Aquino Sandra M. S. F. Freitas Copyright (c) 2024 Lucas H. C. C. Santos, Rafaela Garbus, Camila Aquino, Sandra Freitas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2024-05-12 2024-05-12 18 10.20338/bjmb.v17i6.372 How the multiplanar trunk resistance affects the dynamic postural control during single-leg vertical jumps in college athletes with poor movement quality https://socibracom.com/bjmb/index.php/bjmb/article/view/385 <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Poor movement quality of the trunk and the lower limbs as well as dynamic postural control have a strong relation with non-contact injuries in sport. Aiming to reduce the risk of injuries, training approaches using loaded jumps with trunk resistance have been proposed.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>AIM:</strong> To describe how a multiplanar trunk load affects the dynamic postural control and the peak vertical ground reaction force of college athletes with poor movement quality of the trunk and the lower limbs.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>METHOD:</strong> Center of Pressure (COP) variables and peak vertical ground reaction force of 24 female college athletes during single-leg jumps with and without a trunk resistance were compared.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>RESULTS:</strong> There was a significant decrease of the COP displacement (p=0.006), RMS (p=0.009) and velocity (p=0.007) in the anteroposterior direction, and an increase of the COP displacement (p=0.016), RMS (p=0.043) and velocity (p=0.043) in the mediolateral direction, with a moderate effect size. No significant difference was found in the peak vertical ground reaction force.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> Exercises involving multiplanar trunk resistance may negatively impact dynamic postural control in women with poor movement quality.</p> Laura M. Cantusio Renê Ribeiro Milton Misuta Karine J. Sarro Copyright (c) 2024 Laura de Menezes Cantusio, Renê Ribeiro, Milton Misuta, Karine Jacon Sarro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2024-05-12 2024-05-12 18 10.20338/bjmb.v18i1.385 The complexity of the handgrip task modulates postural performance in older adults https://socibracom.com/bjmb/index.php/bjmb/article/view/406 <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> The acts of reaching and grasping objects are involved in the performance of daily activities. There is a gap in the understanding of how the complexity of the grasping task associated with changes in the base of support influences postural control performance in the older population.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>AIM:</strong> To investigate the postural control performance of older people as they performed the grasping movement, with different levels of task difficulty and complexities of the base of support.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>METHOD:</strong> 15 young and 15 older adults participated. The participants stood on a force platform and performed: 1) Reaching a heavy object; 2) Reaching a light object in rigid and unstable base conditions. The variables analyzed were: area, mean velocity, and mean displacement amplitude of the center of pressure (COP).</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Older had higher COP velocity in the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions, as well as in the rigid and unstable bases. They also had a larger COP area in the rigid and unstable base of support, and for all gripping tasks. In both groups, the mean amplitude of COP displacement in the rigid base was higher while gripping a heavy object than while gripping a light object or performing a non-gripping task.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> Postural control in the older adults is mainly influenced by the difficulty of grasping tasks. It is possible to identify the postural control performance of the older while they grasp objects during daily activities and to assess how these activities disturb balance, which makes it possible to draw up guidelines to improve postural performance.</p> Gabriela V. Magalhães Nayara C. A. Arrivabene Natalia M. Rinaldi Copyright (c) 2024 Gabriela V. Magalhães, Nayara C. A. Arrivabene, Natalia M. Rinaldi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2024-07-20 2024-07-20 18 10.20338/bjmb.v18i1.406 Study protocol: Responsiveness of postural control of children with and without a developmental coordination disorder after Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation https://socibracom.com/bjmb/index.php/bjmb/article/view/400 <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects around 5% of school-age children worldwide. DCD negatively impacts motor repertoire, quality of life, and overall health. One of the main motor impairments affecting activity and participation is poor postural balance. Although the neural basis of DCD is not yet clear, morphological and functional alterations have been found in children with DCD in crucial areas for postural control, such as the cerebellum and the primary motor cortex. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive technique for inducing synaptic modulation, promoting neuromodulation that can help in understanding physiopathology and determining therapeutic strategies for people with DCD.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>AIM: </strong>The proposed randomized clinical trial will verify the immediate effects of tDCS in the primary motor cortex and the cerebellum on postural balance in children with and without DCD.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>METHOD:</strong> Fifteen children with DCD and 15 typically developing children will be randomized to receive a single session of anodal cerebellar tDCS, cathodal cerebellar tDCS, anodal primary motor cortex tDCS, or sham tDCS in a crossover design. Postural balance will be assessed by posturography with and without visual and somatosensory system manipulation immediately before and after each tDCS session.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION:</strong> This paper presents a detailed description protocol of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial. The results can bolster understanding of the postural control of children with DCD compared to children with typical development as well as knowledge about the possible effects of tDCS on the postural balance of such children.</p> Maria C. D. S. de Moura Fuad A. Hazime Abrahão F. Baptista Jorge A. Oliveira Renata H. Hasue Copyright (c) 2024 Maria Clara Moura, Fuad Ahmad Hazime, Abrahão Fontes Baptista, Jorge Alberto de Oliveira, Renata Hydee Hasue https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2024-04-27 2024-04-27 18 10.20338/bjmb.v18i1.400 Preventive approaches to perineal trauma in vaginal delivery: Systematic Literature Review https://socibracom.com/bjmb/index.php/bjmb/article/view/407 <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> The female pelvic floor plays a crucial role in supporting the pelvic organs during vaginal delivery and sexual practice. Often, the changes that occur during pregnancy do not prevent injuries during vaginal childbirth, contributing to the manifestation of dysfunctions such as urinary incontinence and prolapse. Studies highlight the importance of pelvic floor exercises as a preventative measure, with massage, specific exercises, and the use of vaginal dilator devices. However, there is a need to conduct additional research to validate the effectiveness of these approaches.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>AIM:</strong> To conduct a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to investigate the scientific evidence that addresses strategies aimed at preventing perineal injury in vaginal delivery.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>METHOD:</strong> The search for studies was conducted on the PubMed, LILACS, Scopus, and Elsevier databases, following a PICOC protocol. The search strategy was developed in each database using MeSH terms and keywords, according to PRISMA guidelines.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Of the 96 titles initially found, 21 articles remained after evaluation according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Pelvic physiotherapy stands out in the preparation for childbirth by strengthening and increasing the resistance of the muscles in the pelvic region. There are physical and emotional benefits, resulting in more peaceful birth experiences. Vaginal dilator devices are effective in reducing episiotomies, perineal trauma, and lacerations.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong>The research points to the need for future studies to explore pregnant women's experiences in depth, including acceptability and comfort. The effectiveness of vaginal dilator devices, perineal exercises, and perineal massage in preventing perineal trauma during normal childbirth is highlighted.</p> Maria Elizete Kunkel Carolina P. Picanço Mariana V. Santos Paulo Schor Mirian R. D. Zanetti Copyright (c) 2024 Maria Elizete Kunkel, Carolina P. Picanço, Mariana V. Santos, Paulo Schor, Mirian R. D. Zanetti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2024-08-31 2024-08-31 18 10.20338/bjmb.v18i1.407 Knee extensor electromyographic activity during different depths of squat exercise in strength training experienced adults: A Systematic Review https://socibracom.com/bjmb/index.php/bjmb/article/view/384 <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>B</strong></p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>ACKGROUND:</strong> Changes in range of motion during partial and deep squats can affect the electrical activity of the knee extensor muscles. There are results’ divergences between studies that evaluated the effects of deep and partial squats on the electrical activity of the knee extensor muscles.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>AIM: </strong>To systematically review the literature on the electromyographic activity of the knee extensor muscles during partial and deep squat exercises in subjects with strength training experience.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>METHOD:</strong> The search included MEDLINE (via Pubmed), Scielo, EMBASE, in addition to a manual search, until June 2023. Cross-sectional observational studies comparing partial squats (up to 90º of knee flexion) and deep squats (maximum knee flexion) that evaluated the electrical activation through surface electromyography in men and women with strength training experience were included. Methodological quality assessment was performed using the adapted Downs and Black tool, as suggested by the Cochrane Collaboration. </p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Of the 636 articles identified, four studies were included. The included studies presented electromyographic values of the two squat variations. No difference was found in the activation of the rectus femoris, vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles between partial and deep squats. Regarding methodological quality, one study was classified as having moderate and the other three studies showing high methodological quality.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> The similarity in the knee extensors’ electromyographic activation between partial and deep squat exercises in men and women with strength training experience suggests that both exercises can be used for recruiting these muscles during physical fitness activities. </p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"> </p> Andrey B. Chagas Francesca C. Sonda Luísa Reichert Deivid R. Rodrigues Marco A. Vaz Copyright (c) 2024 Andrey Borges Chagas, Francesca Chaida Sonda, Luísa Reichert, Deivid Ribeiro Rodrigues, Marco Aurélio Vaz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2024-04-27 2024-04-27 18 10.20338/bjmb.v18i1.384 INFOGRAPHIC: Insights into the design of practice tasks for learning of decision-making on motor skill of passing in sport of futsal https://socibracom.com/bjmb/index.php/bjmb/article/view/423 <p style="font-weight: 400;">Access infographic at <a href="https://socibracom.com/bjmb/index.php/bjmb/article/view/423/version/457">https://socibracom.com/bjmb/index.php/bjmb/article/view/423/version/457</a>.</p> Umberto C. Correa Copyright (c) 2024 Umberto C. Correa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2024-08-31 2024-08-31 18 10.20338/bjmb.v18i1.423 Added cognitive demand from increased sensorimotor complexity resulted in better goal-directed movement following stroke: a novel finding in post-stroke recovery https://socibracom.com/bjmb/index.php/bjmb/article/view/378 <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Stroke often causes impairments in goal-directed movements, which are commonly assessed using goal-directed reaching tasks. Here we present two individuals post-stroke who performed two robotic reaching tasks: 1. Visually Guided Reaching (VGR); reaching a cursor representing the fingertip to virtual targets, 2. Reverse Visually Guided Reaching (RVGR); where the cursor moves in the opposite direction of hand motion, requiring a novel cognitive rule. Participants are typically more successful at reaching targets in the simple VGR task compared to the more complex RVGR task (~92% of our database). The two cases are notable as they performed better on RVGR compared to VGR.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>CASE DESCRIPTIONS: </strong>Case 1: 80-year-old patient with left hemorrhagic thalamic stroke, with interventricular extension, presenting with right hemiparesis/reduced motor control. They were unable to complete reaches to any targets in VGR (0/40 targets), but were able to reach ~30% of the targets (15/48) in RVGR. Case 2: 76-year-old patient with a left ischemic pontine stroke, presenting with right hemiparesis/reduced motor control. They were unable to complete reaches to any targets in VGR (0/40) but were able to reach ~60% of the targets in RVGR (29/48).</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>INTERPRETATION:</strong> Better performance in RVGR compared to VGR may be associated with a “dual-task benefit” and has potential clinical implications, including informing neuro-rehabilitative strategies, potentially by including tasks with added complexity or cognitive components. These findings also highlight the utility of robotic tools to provide novel environments within which to identify unique patterns of impairments and abilities. </p> Catherine R. Lowrey Sean P. Dukelow Kimberly D. Moore Stephen H. Scott Benjamin R. Ritsma Copyright (c) 2024 Catherine Lowrey https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2024-04-27 2024-04-27 18 10.20338/bjmb.v18i1.378 Neuromusculoskeletal modeling in health and disease https://socibracom.com/bjmb/index.php/bjmb/article/view/420 <p style="font-weight: 400;">This opinion paper provides an overview of musculoskeletal modeling, revealing insights into muscle-tendon kinematics, forces, and joint contact forces during dynamic movements, thereby advancing our understanding of biomechanics. While subject-specific modeling poses challenges, emerging software tools enable rapid personalization of musculoskeletal geometry and motor control, enhancing physiological accuracy. Advanced predictive simulations and multi-scale modeling expand clinical applications, facilitating surgery outcomes prediction and movement modification for joint diseases. Collaborative interdisciplinary efforts are essential for overcoming challenges, refining workflows, and ultimately enhancing clinical treatment outcomes.</p> Hans Kainz Antoine Falisse Claudio Pizzolato Copyright (c) 2024 Hans Kainz, Antoine Falisse , Claudio Pizzolato https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2024-04-27 2024-04-27 18 10.20338/bjmb.v18i1.420