Intra and inter-rater reliability of manual two-dimensional kinematics analysis of running

Eliane C. Guadagnin; Jean S. Carvalho; Victor L. Costa; Carolina S. Martins; Francesca C. Sonda; Felipe P. Carpes

doi:10.20338/bjmb.v19i1.468

Intra and inter-rater reliability of manual two-dimensional kinematics analysis of running

Authors

Eliane C. Guadagnin Instituto Brasil de Tecnologias da Saúde (IBTS), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil - elianecguadagnin@hotmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3250-4134
Jean S. Carvalho Applied Neuromechanics Group, Laboratory of Neuromechanics, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1833-7325
Victor L. Costa Applied Neuromechanics Group, Laboratory of Neuromechanics, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8115-4359
Carolina S. Martins Applied Neuromechanics Group, Laboratory of Neuromechanics, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-4084
Francesca C. Sonda Biomechanics and Kinesiology Research Group, Exercise Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5762-7918
Felipe P. Carpes Applied Neuromechanics Group, Laboratory of Neuromechanics, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8923-4855

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20338/bjmb.v19i1.468

Keywords:

Angular kinematics, Biomechanics, Motion capture, Lower extremity

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Two-dimensional (2D) kinematics analysis of running is often rater-dependent, but it provides a low-cost option, allowing the implementation of kinematics analysis in the field and clinical settings.

AIM: To determine the intra- and inter-rater reliability of manual 2D running kinematics assessment.

METHODS: Ten male runners (45±9 years) ran on a treadmill, while sagittal plane movements were recorded using a digital camera. Three raters manually analyzed the same videos twice (Analysis 1 and Analysis 2; one week apart) using Kinovea to manually identify the foot strikes and define hip, knee, and ankle angles.

RESULTS: Intra-rater reliability was good to excellent for all variables (ICC: 0.766–1.000), with SEM values up to 1.6° for the angles and MDC ranging from 0.6° to 4.3° for the angles. Inter-rater ICC ranged from weak to excellent (ICC: 0.544-1.00), being worse for knee and ankle angles. SEM reached 2.6°, and MDC values ranged up to 7.2° for the angles. Reliability indices improved in the second analysis for inter-rater agreement.

INTERPRETATION: The manual analysis of 2D running kinematics using Kinovea shows, in general, excellent intra-rater and moderate to excellent inter-rater reliability. Knee and ankle angles showed the poorest results, highlighting the importance of training in their kinematic analysis. Overall, reliability improved in the second analysis, which emphasizes the importance of training for achieving better outcomes.

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Published

2025-07-10

How to Cite

Guadagnin, E. C., Carvalho, J. S., Costa, V. L., Martins, C. S., Sonda, F. C., & Carpes, F. P. (2025). Intra and inter-rater reliability of manual two-dimensional kinematics analysis of running. Brazilian Journal of Motor Behavior, 19(1), e468. https://doi.org/10.20338/bjmb.v19i1.468

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Issue

Vol. 19 No. 1 (2025)

Section

Research Articles

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