The impact of sensory-motor integration exercises using the game sense approach on working memory and fine motor skills in children with learning disorder

Hanieh Ghasemian.M; Hasan Mohamadzadeh

doi:10.20338/bjmb.v19i1.500

The impact of sensory-motor integration exercises using the game sense approach on working memory and fine motor skills in children with learning disorder

Authors

Hanieh Ghasemian.M Motor Behavior Department, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8315-0076
Hasan Mohamadzadeh Motor Behavior Department, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran - [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2325-4420

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20338/bjmb.v19i1.500

Keywords:

Fine Motor Skills, Game Sense, Learning Disorder, Sensory-Motor Integration, Working Memory

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Early life is a critical period for the development of motor skills, supporting brain function and cognitive performance.

AIM: This study investigated the effects of sensory–motor integration exercises grounded in the Game Sense Approach (GSA) on working memory and fine motor skills in children with learning disorder.

METHODS: A quasi-experimental pre-test–post-test design with a control group was employed. Thirty-six female children diagnosed with learning disorders were randomly assigned to three groups: GSA-based intervention, goal-oriented exercise, and control. Working memory was assessed using the N-back task, while fine motor skills were measured with the Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency. The intervention groups participated in two sessions per week 60-minute sessions over eight weeks, while the control group maintained routine activities. A mixed-design ANOVA was used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS: Results showed that the GSA group exhibited significant improvements in working memory compared to the control group. In fine motor domains, the GSA group demonstrated greater gains in response speed, upper-limb agility, and visual–motor control compared to both goal-oriented and control groups.

INTERPRETATION: These findings suggest that sensory–motor integration exercises implemented within a GSA framework may offer an effective strategy for enhancing cognitive and motor functioning in children with learning disorder.

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Published

2025-12-31

How to Cite

Ghasemian.M, H., & Mohamadzadeh, H. (2025). The impact of sensory-motor integration exercises using the game sense approach on working memory and fine motor skills in children with learning disorder. Brazilian Journal of Motor Behavior, 19(1), e500. https://doi.org/10.20338/bjmb.v19i1.500

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Issue

Vol. 19 No. 1 (2025)

Section

Special issue on Factors that affect the motor learning process

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